Tobacco-attributable mortality and disease burden in India: a descriptive analysis of Global Burden of Disease 2023 estimates for 1990 and 2023.
India's tobacco-related deaths surged 55% between 1990 and 2023, though age-adjusted death rates improved. Chewing tobacco showed the sharpest increase, while smoking remains the deadliest form, with lung disease, heart disease and stroke as leading causes of tobacco-related harm.
Relevance to India: Directly relevant—this analysis uses Indian health data to quantify the evolving tobacco burden across different population groups and tobacco types, essential for designing India-specific tobacco control policies.