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Pragmatic support or electronic nicotine delivery systems effect? Interpreting sleep outcomes in a smoking-cessation trial.

Hou T, Deng Z · Sleep, 2026

e-cigarette

This analysis examines whether improvements in sleep quality observed in a smoking-cessation trial resulted from the effects of electronic nicotine delivery systems themselves, or from supportive counseling and behavioral interventions provided alongside the devices.

Relevance to India: None stated.