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cross-sectional

Nicotine vaping and conventional tobacco product use among adults in the United States stratified by substance use disorder severity: A cross-sectional analysis.

Bredenberg E, Binswanger IA, Calcaterra SL, Keniston A, Steeger CM, Kruse GR · Drug and alcohol dependence, 2026

e-cigarettecombustible

This US study found that nicotine vaping is widespread among people with substance use disorders, with usage rates increasing sharply as the severity of alcohol or drug disorders becomes more severe. People with severe drug disorders were over three times more likely to vape nicotine alongside conventional tobacco compared to non-users.

Relevance to India: None stated.