Longitudinal association of switching to dual cigarette and e-cigarette use vs. continued exclusive cigarette smoking with tobacco-specific nitrosamine and nicotine intake.
This research tracked smokers who switched to using both cigarettes and e-cigarettes, finding they absorbed fewer harmful tobacco chemicals (nitrosamines) compared to those who kept smoking only cigarettes. However, these dual users did not reduce their overall nicotine intake, and the benefits were smaller among heavier smokers.
Relevance to India: None stated.