Impact of Nontobacco Nicotine Dependence on Outcomes Following Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion.
A study of over 4,500 spine surgery patients found that those using nontobacco nicotine products (e-cigarettes, pouches, gums, lozenges) experienced more complications, infections, opioid use, and need for repeat surgery compared to nonusers in the 2 years following lumbar fusion surgery.
Relevance to India: None stated.