Heavy metals in nicotine-containing products: Sources, exposure, and health risks.
Researchers found that both traditional cigarettes and newer nicotine products like e-cigarettes, snus, and nicotine pouches contain dangerous heavy metals including mercury, lead, cadmium, and arsenic. While alternative products may reduce some smoking-related harms, users still face significant exposure to these toxic metals. Better monitoring and stricter regulations are needed across all nicotine products.
Relevance to India: None stated.
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