Associations of exclusive e-cigarette use and dual use of e-cigarettes and combustible cigarettes with prevalent and incident hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Researchers analyzed studies comparing e-cigarette use and hypertension risk. Using e-cigarettes alone showed no clear link to high blood pressure, but people using both e-cigarettes and regular cigarettes had higher hypertension risk. Traditional cigarette smoking remained clearly associated with high blood pressure.
Relevance to India: None stated.