Assessment of heavy metal contamination and source apportionment in smokeless tobacco products: Implications for human exposure and health risk.
Researchers found concerning levels of heavy metals like arsenic, lead, and chromium in smokeless tobacco products sold across India, with samples from Uttar Pradesh showing the highest contamination. While non-cancer risks appeared low, cancer risks from these metals—especially for regular users—were moderate to concerning and warrant urgent regulatory action.
Relevance to India: The study directly examined smokeless tobacco products from three Indian states, making its findings directly applicable to Indian public health policy and consumer protection.
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